orthographical
signs
Usually written with a smaller pen, orthographical signs represent short vowels and are positioned above and below the letters according to the grammatical system.
Bold & italic = the name of the signs.
Regular & italic = how the signs affect the pronunciation.
Only the most widely used signs are featured here.
sukun
dammah
kasrah
fathah
vowelless
bu
bi
ba
tanwin maj’rur
tanwin marfu’
shaddah
Hamzat al-alif
Maddah
Tanwin mansub
doubled BB
bun
bin
placed above final joined alif or some other letters
Baseline
extend alif's sound
e
a’
Decorative signs placed below undotted letters heh, sin, Sad, ‘ain respectively; help create a visually balanced text.
Baseline
Placed above/below final joined heh to indicate it is not ta marbouta.
Another sign that may be placed above vowelless consonants.
Sign to indicate that an alif must be pronounced even if it is not written.
Baseline